Social organization (french)

Social organization


France works with the United Nations (UN) Security Council, UN Peacekeeping Operations, the UN Environmental Organization (UNEO), European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP), the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), NATO, the WTO, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Socialist François Mitterrand was elected president in 1981, beginning a record 14-year tenure in that office. He saw seven prime ministers and two periods of “cohabitation” (1986–88 and 1993– 95) in which the prime minister was from the center-right opposition.

France still retained a rigid social structure in the early 20th century, with little mobility among social groups. The social strata included peasants, craft and factory workers, shopkeepers, merchants, civil servants, intellectuals, landowners, and petty nobility. The old social order changed considerably after World War II, as the postwar economic expansion brought growing affluence to an ever larger share of the French population. The vast expansion of the middle classes reduced inequality of wealth and blurred the lines between many social groups. Today power, success, and money are more important than birth in determining a person’s social status.

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Art and literature (french)

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  Art and literature (Literature) Since the Middle Ages, France has enjoyed an exceptional position in European  intellectual  life. Though its literary  culture  has no single figure whose influence can be compared to that of Italy’s Dante or England’s Shakespeare, successive periods have seen its writers and their language exercise an influence far beyond its borders.  The evolution of the nation-states and the rise in  prestige  of  vernacular  languages gradually eroded the unifying force of these relationships. From the early modern period onward, France developed its own distinctive and many-stranded cultural tradition, which, while never losing sight of the riches of the medieval base and the Judeo-Christian biblical tradition, has come chiefly to be thought of as Mediterranean in its  allegiance , rooted in the imitation of Classical models as these were mediated through the great writers and thinkers of Renaissance Italy. “ Le Comte de Monte-Cristo ” A classic adventure novel
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Religion (French)

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  Religion Catholicism is the predominant religion of France. In a survey by the  French Institute of Public Opinion (IFOP), 64% of the population (about 41.6 million people) identified themselves as Roman Catholic. The other religions in France include Islam, Buddhism and Judaism. The close connection between the French monarchy and the Catholic Church began during the reign of Charlemagne (d. 814), who was the first to receive a papal coronation in the year 800. Through the coming centuries, the Church became the largest landowner in France and oversaw hospitals, primary, and secondary education. The upper echelons of the Church were populated by noblemen who cemented close political and power relations, and the Church itself was immensely wealthy.  During the Revolution, the Church was stripped of its land and other properties, clerical privileges were eliminated, the Church was reorganized, the process of selecting upper clergy through election was instituted and the clergy became
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History (French)

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History Historically and culturally among the most important nations in the Western world, France has also played a highly significant role in international affairs, with former colonies in every corner of the globe. Bounded by the  Atlantic Ocean  and the  Mediterranean Sea , the  Alps and the  Pyrenees , France has long provided a geographic, economic, and linguistic bridge joining northern and s outhern Europe. Pre-modern hominid populations  migrated to France during Paleolithic times, and between 30,000 and 10,000 years ago, modern humans left evidence of their presence in cave art. After 600 B.C. Greek and Phoenician traders operated along the French Mediterranean coast, while Celts migrated westward from the Rhine valley, settling the territory later called Gaul by the Romans.
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